A
Anchor - A pipe support used to restrict the pipe movement
at a particular location.
Axial
Load - The component of load acting along the
length of a pipe exerted by the piping system during
its expansion, contraction, or movement.
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B
Base - The bottom
component of a pipe support to uphold the piping system.
Band
Strap - The metallic component of piping support
wrapped around the protection shield to keep the assembly
intact and provide the support necessary friction.
Bolted - The piping support assembly clamped together
using bolts rather than band straps.
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C
Calcium
Silicate -
An incombustible insulation material utilized in Hot
line supports. (see catalog)
Cell
Size - The average cell diameter in microns (m)
(ASTM D2842)
Channel
Clamp - A special type of fabricated hold down
clamp consisting of two plates and bolted at three
places. (See Pipe Shields Model No. G2000)
Closed
Cell Content - The percentage of a foam consisting
of closed no-interconnecting cells. (ASTM D2856)
Cold
Shoe - A type of assembly used to give necessary
support to a piping system while not dissipating cryogenic
temperatures of the piping system at a certain point. (see catalog)
Combustibility - A measure of the resistance of a material to flame
or high heat source. (Laboratory testing methods for
this property are not intended to reflect the hazards
presented by rigid urethane foam or any other material
under actual fire conditions.)
Compressive
Strength - The maximum compressive stress which
a material is capable of sustaining. It is calculated
from the maximum load during a compression test and
the original cross-sectional area of the specimen.
It is expressed in psi.(ASTM D1621)
Cryogenic - A state of materials at very low temperatures (below -150ºC, -238ºF or 123K)
Cryogenic Pipe Support - (also known as cold shoe) A type of assembly used to give necessary
support to a piping system while not dissipating cryogenic
temperatures of the piping system at a certain point. (see catalog)
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D
Dimensional
Stability -
Change in dimensions of a specimen on exposure to
various environments is called Dimensional Stability.
It can be expressed as a % volume change or a linear
change in dimensions. (ASTM D2126)
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E
Elastic
Limit - It
is the greatest stress which a material is capable
of sustaining without any permanent strain remaining
after complete release of the stress.
Elongation - The increase in gage length of a tension test
specimen usually expressed as a percentage of original
gage length. (ASTM D1623)
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F
Fabrication - A process
in which material is cut to certain size and molded
into different required shapes.
Fire
Temp - An incombustible insulation material having
high density and compressive strength used in Hot
line supports. (see catalog)
Flexural
Strength - The maximum stress in the outer fiber
at the moment of crack or break (expressed as psi)
(ASTM D790)
Frothing
Process - is a method of pouring the liquid ingredients
of urethane foam in which partial extrusion takes
place before the polymerization reaction begins. In
appearance, frothed foam is like shaving cream from
an aerosol can.
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G
Galvanizing - An electromagnetic
process of protecting metallic surfaces from corrosion
or rust. This process is also known as electroplating.
Gap - The spacing at the junction of upper and lower
cradles or clamps of the pipe shoe assembly.
Guide - A pipe support utilized to restrict the lateral
movement of a piping system at a certain location.
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H
Hanger - A type of
pipe support consisting of a clamp in which the piping
system is upheld from an upper portion rather than
from the base. This type of pipe support is available
with or without insulation.
Hot
Dip Galvanizing - A process of protecting metallic
surfaces from corrosion or rust by dipping the materials
for a certain period in boiling chemicals.
Hot
Shoe - A type of assembly used to give necessary
support to a piping system while not dissipating elevated
temperatures of the piping system at a certain point. (see catalog)
HVAC Systems - A distribution system that is used for cooling or heating the building or facility. (see catalog)
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I
Inner
Thrust Ring -
It is a plate welded to the outer arch of a pipe to
restrict the sliding of the insulation assembly against
the pipe wall.
Inserts - The insulation material, usually of higher compressive
strength, joined to the existing insulation in order
provide reinforcement to a pipe support.
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K
K-Factor - Numerical
representation of Thermal conductivity (See Thermal
Conductivity).
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L
Layering
System - A
procedure of dividing insulation thickness into smaller
increments of layers for total insulation thickness
above 3.5".
Light Industrial - A light industrial facility could be an airport or hospital where supports are used for heating water, cooling water and also could be used for some low pressure steam lines
Linear
Expansion Coefficient - It is the ratio of the
change in length per degree temperature change to
the original length (ASTM D696).
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M
Mean
Specific Heat -
is the quantity of heat required to change the temperature
of a unit mass of a substance one degree, measured
as the average quantity over the temperature range
specified (ASTM C351).
Mechanical Contractors - Mechanical contractors installs the plumbing, ventilation, air conditioning, heating, and refrigeration systems in buildings. They usually work under the General Contractor to take care of all the Mechanical systems of the project.
Modulus
of Elasticity - It is the ratio of stress to corresponding
strain below the proportional limit. Since rigid foams
do not conform to Hooke's Law throughout their elastic
range, a "tangent modulus of elasticity"
is used - the tangent having the slope of the greatest
part of the curve that follows Hooke's Law (expressed
in psi).
Monolar
Mastic - A type of coating used to protect polyurethane
surface from moisture permeation.
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P
Pipe
Support - An
assembly used to uphold a piping system at desired
location.
Polyurethane
Foam - The insulation material available in a
variety of densities used in cold and cryogenic lines. (see catalog)
Proportional
Limit - is the greatest stress which a material
is capable of sustaining without any deviation from
the proportionality of stress to strain (Hooke's Law)
Protection
Shield - The metallic component of piping support
wrapped directly around the insulation in order to
keep the assembly intact and provide necessary protection
to the insulation.
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R
Rate
of Rise - Rate of Rise is the rate at which the
volume of a foaming system changes under standard
conditions. (ASTM D2237)
Rigid
Urethane Foams - These include a variety of foams
having a wide range of properties. Densities range
from 60 lb / ft to below 1 lb / ft and the properties
change with densities. Rigid Urethane foams have,
in general, low elongation (<10%), and a low elastic
limit (<10%). They can be crushed and will not
recover if compressed beyond their elastic limit.
Roller
Base - A pipe support assembly utilized to allow
axial movement of a piping system by using rollers
instead of slide plates. Usually, these rollers are
attached to the base of pipe supports to allow necessary
movement as the piping system expands or contracts.
(See PT&P standard drawing ICS-RB-100.)
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S
Semi-Rigid
Urethane Foam - is a term often applied to low
density (<2 lb / ft) rigid urethane foams and other
foams having more flexibility.
Shear
Strength - It is the maximum shear stress a material
is capable of sustaining. It is calculated from the
maximum load during a shear test and is based on the
original dimensions of the cross-sections of the specimen.
(ASTM C273)
Slide
Plate - An assembly of two plates utilized to
reduce the coefficient of friction between their contact
surfaces. Usually, these plates are attached to the
base or sides of pipe supports to allow necessary
movement as the piping system expands or contracts.
Solvent
Resistance - Solvent Resistance is the percent
change in volume or the weight pick up of solvent
per ft of foam on immersion in a solvent. (ASTM D543)
Sound
Absorption - is the fraction of the incident sound
that is absorbed by the material. (ASTM C384)
Specific
Heat - (See Mean
Specific Heat)
Stops - Materials used to restrict the sliding of the insulated
support assembly against the pipe and clamp surfaces.
Strain - is a measure of the change, due to force, in
the size or shape of a body compared to its original
size or shape. Strain is a non dimensional quantity,
but it is frequently expressed in inches per inch
(meters per meters) (ASTM D790)
Stress - is the intensity at a point in a body of the
internal forces or components of force that act on
a given plane through the point (expressed as psi).
It is calculated on the original dimensions of the
specimen before it is tested. (ASTM D790)
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T
Tensile
Strength - is the maximum tensile stress which
a material is capable of sustaining. Tensile Strength
is calculated from the maximum load carried to rupture
during a tension test and the original cross-sectional
area of the specimen (ASTM D1623)
Thermal
Conductivity - It is the rate of heat flow, under
steady conditions, through unit area, per unit temperature
gradient in the direction perpendicular to the area.
Thermal Conductivity is usually expressed in English
units as BTU's per square foot per hour per degree
Fahrenheit for a thickness of one inch. (ASTM C518)
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W
Water
Absorption - is the amount of water a specimen
picks up on total immersion in water over a specified
time. Water absorption is usually expressed as lbs.-water
/ ft of foam or as percent of the total foam weight.
(ASTM D2842)
Water
Vapor Transmission - is the rate at which moisture
will pass through a homogeneous material. The rate
may vary on exposure conditions. Water Vapor Transmission
is usually expressed as "per-inches" which
is the grains of water transmitted per square foot
per hour per inch differential of mercury for a one
inch specimen thickness. (ASTM C355)
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Y
Yield
Point - Yield Point is the first stress in a material
(less than the maximum attainable stress) at which
an increase in strain occurs without an increase in
stress. ASTM D1621
Yield
Strength - It is the stress at which a material
exhibits a specified limiting deviation from the proportionality
of stress to strain. The deviation is expressed in
terms of strain. Since low density rigid urethane
foam exhibits a definite yield point, the yield strength
is the stress at this point. High density rigid urethane
foams do not exhibit a yield point so the yield strength
is the stress at which there is marked deviation from
the proportionality of stress to strain. An offset
method can also be used (usually at a strain of 0.2%)
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